Moiré effect in displays: a tutorial

The tutorial describes essential features of moire patterns, as well as the circumstances, when the moire patterns appear and how to estimate their characteristics (parameters) such as the orientation and period. The moire effect is described in two domains, the image space (spatial domain) and in the spectral domain using the complex numbers. The tutorial covers the indicial equation method, the coplanar and noncoplanar sinusoidal gratings, the moire effect in a spatial object (a cylinder), as well as explains the moire wave vector, the moire spectra, the spectral trajectories, and summarizes behavior of the visible patterns in moved/rotated gratings.