This paper is aimed at the geological characteristics of Jiangsu oil field and the present condition of water flooding development, and modern physics simulation method is used to probe into periodic water flooding and its affecting factors. The experimental results show, compared with conventional water flooding, the enhanced oil recovery by periodic water flooding is 6.8% on average. The flooding efficiency of periodic injection will be affected by many factors such as the injection time and distribution patterns of well nets and so on. The oil recovery of periodic water flooding is better than that of conventional water flooding when it is carried out in the integrated water cut of 40%, 70% and 90%.