神经科学
生物
脑干
反射
平衡
迷走神经
免疫系统
乙酰胆碱
生物神经网络
烟碱乙酰胆碱受体
受体
免疫学
乙酰胆碱受体
细胞生物学
刺激
内分泌学
生物化学
作者
Ulf Andersson,Kevin J. Tracey
出处
期刊:Annual Review of Immunology
[Annual Reviews]
日期:2012-04-23
卷期号:30 (1): 313-335
被引量:346
标识
DOI:10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075015
摘要
The reasoning that neural reflexes maintain homeostasis in other body organs, and that the immune system is innervated, prompted a search for neural circuits that regulate innate and adaptive immunity. This elucidated the inflammatory reflex, a prototypical reflex circuit that maintains immunological homeostasis. Molecular products of infection or injury activate sensory neurons traveling to the brainstem in the vagus nerve. The arrival of these incoming signals generates action potentials that travel from the brainstem to the spleen and other organs. This culminates in T cell release of acetylcholine, which interacts with α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChR) on immunocompetent cells to inhibit cytokine release in macrophages. Herein is reviewed the neurophysiological basis of reflexes that provide stability to the immune system, the neural- and receptor-dependent mechanisms, and the potential opportunities for developing novel therapeutic devices and drugs that target neural pathways to treat inflammatory diseases.
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