Modeling and hardware-in-the-loop system realization of electric machine drives — A review

This paper presents a state-of-the-art review in modeling approach of hardware in the loop simulation (HILS) realization of electric machine drives using commercial real time machines. HILS implementation using digital signal processors (DSPs) and field programmable gate array (FPGA) for electric machine drives has been investigated but those methods have drawbacks such as complexity in development and verification. Among various HILS implementation approaches, more efficient development and verification for electric machine drives can be achieved through use of commercial real time machines. As well as implementation of the HILS, accurate modeling of a control target system plays an important role. Therefore, modeling trend in electric machine drives for HILS implementation is needed to be reviewed. This paper provides a background of HILS and commercially available real time machines and characteristics of each real time machine are introduced. Also, recent trends and progress of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) modeling are presented for providing more accurate HILS implementation approaches in this paper.