自生的
地质学
冷泉
生物地球化学循环
笼状水合物
海底扩张
石油渗漏
碳酸盐
甲烷厌氧氧化
海洋学
地球化学
泥火山
地球科学
水合物
沉积岩
环境化学
化学
甲烷
有机化学
生物
生态学
作者
Feng Dong,Jian‐Wen Qiu,Yu Hu,Jörn Peckmann,Huashi Guan,Hui Tong,Chong Chen,Jiangxin Chen,Shanggui Gong,Niu Li,Duofu Chen
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.09.021
摘要
Three decades after the discovery of cold seep systems, various sites of hydrocarbon seepage have been found in the South China Sea (SCS). Over the past decade, these sites have become model systems for understanding the variability of hydrocarbon seepage and associated biogeochemical processes. In this review, we describe the cold seep systems of the SCS with an emphasis on seafloor manifestations, fluid sources, biogeochemical processes, and macroecology. Seafloor features associated with seeps include mud volcanoes, pockmarks, and carbonate deposits. A common characteristic of cold seeps is the occurrence of authigenic (i.e., in situ precipitated) carbonate minerals. These carbonates commonly exhibit low δ13C and high δ18O values, suggesting the incorporation of methane-derived carbon and oxygen derived from gas hydrate water. Biogeochemical processes such as sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane (SD-AOM), the key process at seeps, have been studied in detail with the aim of establishing geochemical proxies to trace these processes into the geological past. We also detail the features characterizing seep ecosystems. Understanding the impact of decomposing methane hydrate on the marine carbon budget remains challenging and requires additional seafloor observations as well as models predicting how gas hydrate responds to changing conditions such as temperature increase, sea level rise, and episodic mass wasting.
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