Spatially resolved airway niches: mapping epithelial–immune microenvironments in asthma

Spatial omics links molecular programmes to micro-anatomy with near-single-cell accuracy and is poised for integration into precision-medicine pipelines. Cost-effective, high-throughput 'spatial biopsies,' combined with graph-based artificial intelligence, are expected to stratify patients for biologic therapies within five years. Nonetheless, broad clinical adoption will require reduced assay costs, mitigation of RNA diffusion, harmonized FFPE workflows, and multi-omic integration across global cohorts to produce reproducible, clinically actionable airway atlases capable of personalizing prevention and treatment.