Theoretical advances in biodiversity research

Background & Aims: Biodiversity is a key feature of ecosystem complexity.Understanding the origination and maintenance of biodiversity has been a major task of theoretical ecology research.Here we reviewed recent advances in theoretical studies on biodiversity.Progresses: We first summarized recent progress in modern coexistence theory and process-based community assembly theory.We then synthetized different approaches for inferring the presence and strengths of species interactions.Lastly, we introduced the general framework of eco-evolutionary models and their applications in biodiversity research.Prospects: We ended with a brief discussion on future developments of biodiversity theory, particularly in integrating processes across scales and predicting biodiversity responses to global changes.