Recent advances in analysis technology for detection of prostate cancer biomarkers

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in men and one of the leading causes of cancer death. The early screening of PCa plays a crucial role in early diagnosis and subsequent treatment. Tumor markers as biochemical parameters can indicate the occurrence and progression of tumors, which act as pivotal tools for the monitoring of cancer status at early stage. This review describes various diagnostic methods for the detection of PCa biomarkers. Firstly, the major clinical tumor markers of prostate are briefly described. Then, expanding and complementing existing reviews, this article summarizes the benefits and drawbacks of various detection methods for PCa biomarkers, with a specific focus on the advancements of designing biosensors. Finally, the recent challenges and further directions for developing effective biosensors for early diagnosis of PCa are discussed.