Importance of temperature on immuno‐metabolic regulation and cancer progression

Cancer immunotherapies emerge as promising strategies for restricting tumour growth. The tumour microenvironment (TME) has a major impact on the anti‐tumour immune response and on the efficacy of the immunotherapies. Recent studies have linked changes in the ambient temperature with particular immuno‐metabolic reprogramming and anti‐cancer immune response in laboratory animals. Here, we describe the energetic balance of the organism during change in temperature, and link this to the immune alterations that could be of relevance for cancer, as well as for other human diseases. We highlight the contribution of the gut microbiota in modifying this interaction. We describe the overall metabolic response and underlying mechanisms of tumourigenesis in mouse models at varying ambient temperatures and shed light on their potential importance in developing therapeutics against cancer.