Molecular substrates for the construction of afterglow imaging probes in disease diagnosis and treatment

imaging. In this tutorial review, we aim to introduce the recent advances in molecular afterglow imaging with a comprehensive summary of the reported afterglow substrates and mechanisms. Molecular designs of multicomponent afterglow imaging probes are also introduced with their biomedical applications in disease diagnosis and treatment. Lastly, future perspectives and potential challenges of molecular afterglow imaging in preclinical uses and clinical translations are discussed.