Orbital Angular Momentum Experiment Converting Contextuality into Nonlocality

It was recently revealed by Cabello in a theoretical Letter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 070401 (2021)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.127.070401] that nonlocality and contextuality, as two intuitively distinctive yet both critical quantum resources, can be surprisingly connected through Bell inequalities associated with state-independent contextuality sets. It provides a general unified method capable of converting contextuality into bipartite nonlocality. However, experimental tests of the inequalities are challenging and noise sensitive, and the requirements for the quantum states purity, dimensionality, and degree of entanglement have blocked the experimental implementation. We report a first experimental test of Cabello's inequalities from state-independent contextuality sets, by leveraging two-photon high-dimensional orbital angular momentum entangled states. Distinguishing from the standard single-particle ways, our experiment spotlights that the state-independent contextuality sets can be tested in a bipartite scenario, by which the "compatibility" or "sharpness" loopholes can be effectively avoided. Our results provide a new perspective and demonstrate the principle that contextuality, a widely used quantum resource, can be used in different physical scenarios.