From 0D to 3D nanomaterial-based composite membranes for CO2 capture: Recent advances and perspectives

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials with their excellent structural and functional properties are bound to bring a technological revolution for membrane separation, especially in the field of gas separation has aroused wide attention. Since the industrial revolution, the rapid increase in population has led to rapid industrialization, and the emission of greenhouse gases such as CO2 into the atmosphere has been increasing year by year, causing a series of problems such as global warming and seriously affecting economic development. To reach the "double carbon" standard and accelerate economic growth, among various CO2 capture technologies, membrane-based separation has the advantages of high efficiency, low consumption, green and easy preparation, which has become a novel boom in CO2 capture technology research. The nanomaterials have excellent molecular sieving ability, ordered pore structure and outstanding interfacial compatibility. Also, the nanomaterials provide special nanochannels for the transportation of gas molecules in the hybrid matrix membrane, which reduces the gas transmission resistance and is interested in improving the gas flux. In addition, the nanomaterials have certain solubility for CO2 gas molecules, which is beneficial to improve the separation performance of the composite membrane. Therefore, this review takes membrane materials as the core and introduces the latest research progress of nanomaterials of different dimensions such as 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D in the construction of efficient CO2 capture membranes based on the membrane separation mechanism. In addition, the application of different scale nanomaterials in gas separation was introduced. Finally, the unique advantages and challenges of nanomaterials are discussed, and future research directions and development opportunities are proposed.