Geological evaluation for the carbon dioxide geological utilization and storage (CGUS) site: A review

Carbon dioxide (CO2) geological utilization and storage (CGUS) is the key link of CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). The accurate characterization of the geological body structure is a vital prerequisite of CGUS. This paper gives a review of the multi-scale three-dimensional geological structure characterization and site selection of CO2 storage. It shows that there is a lack of systematic and high-precision methods for transparency characterization of multi-scale three-dimensional engineering geological structure and hydrogeological structure of a CO2 storage site. There is no clear understanding of the fracture evolution and gas-liquid migration process of multi-scale geological body structure under the disturbance of CO2 injection. There is a lack of sufficient quantitative methods for the dynamic evaluation of CO2 geological storage potential. The geological suitability evaluation method for site selection of CO2 storage is rough and has poor applicability, which is difficult to satisfy the urgent needs of CGUS site selection in the whole process of CO2 sequestration industrialization in the future. Thus, it is required to conduct studies on the transparency characterization of geological body structure and intelligent site selection for CO2 storage, which is of great importance for CGUS engineering practice.