Traumatic brain injury research: homogenising heterogeneity

Traumatic brain injury is a heterogeneous condition, and subgroups of patients with different patterns of injury, severity, and outcomes have been identified.1 This heterogeneity can limit the ability of clinical studies to show a benefit of management strategies, which might be efficacious in only a subset of patients. Measurement of intracranial pressure and brain oxygen tissue pressure (PbtO2) can help to identify a secondary injury after traumatic brain injury in a potentially reversible stage.