Enhancing Self-priming Efficiency in Vortex Pumps Through Optimization of the Gas-liquid Separation Chamber

This study investigates the low self-priming efficiency of vortex self-priming pumps through numerical simulation and optimization of the self-priming process, employing the Eulerian-coupled volume of fluid (VOF) method. The analysis focuses on gas-liquid separation characteristics within the pump, with particular attention to the impact of the relative positioning between the separation plate and the resistance plate in the gas-liquid separation chamber (GLSC). To enhance self-priming performance, the study explores how changes in this relative positioning affect the separation efficiency. Furthermore, energy losses within the pump chamber are examined using entropy production theory. The results indicate that the relative positioning of the separation and resistance plates plays a critical role in both gas-liquid separation and self-priming efficiency. Modifying the angle between the two plates significantly alters vortex dynamics and liquid recirculation within the GLSC. Improper positioning of these plates can generate vortices that drastically impair exhaust performance. Optimal gas-liquid separation is achieved when the angle between the plates is set to 25°, which doubles the self-priming efficiency compared to the original design. Entropy production analysis further reveals that the primary sources of energy loss are located in the flow passage, below the resistance plate, and in the area beneath the baffle and the separation plate. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the self-priming performance and structural design of vortex self-priming pumps.