Solvent in polymeric membrane formation

The solvent is a vital element in the production of membranes, playing a critical role in determining their structure, properties, and performance. In the process of manufacturing membranes, a substantial quantity of conventional organic solvents is typically employed. Traditional solvents, such as dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and tetrahydrofuran possess potential hazards. They can be highly flammable, irritating, and even pose reproductive toxicity risks. Furthermore, aside from their high toxicity, the energy consumption required to remove or recycle these solvents from water is significant. While conventional petroleum-derived solvents have conventionally been employed in membrane fabrication, there is growing attention toward greener alternatives with lower toxicity. This shift is motivated by the desire to reduce the adverse effects on human health and the environment associated with their use. As the world moves toward a more bio-based manufacturing approach, the global potential for new bio-derived solvents with reduced hazards is expected to increase.