阳极
电解质
分离器(采油)
电极
储能
化学工程
氧化物
材料科学
纳米技术
冶金
物理
化学
量子力学
功率(物理)
物理化学
工程类
热力学
作者
Tong Li,Boxi Wang,Haobin Song,Peng Mei,Junping Hu,Manman Zhang,Guanghui Chen,Dadong Yan,Daohong Zhang,Shaozhuan Huang
标识
DOI:10.1002/adma.202314271
摘要
Abstract Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) emerge as promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), heralding a new era of energy storage solutions. Despite their potential, the mechanisms underlying their performance enhancement and susceptibility to failure in ether‐based electrolytes remain elusive. This study delves into these aspects, employing CoS 2 electrodes as a case in point to elucidate the phenomena. The investigation reveals that CoS 2 undergoes a unique irreversible and progressive solid–liquid–solid phase transition from its native state to sodium polysulfides (NaPSs), and ultimately to a Cu 1.8 S/Co composite, accompanied by a gradual morphological transformation from microspheres to a stable 3D porous architecture. This reconstructed 3D porous structure is pivotal for its exceptional Na + diffusion kinetics and resilience to cycling‐induced stress, being the main reason for ultrastable cycling and ultrahigh rate capability. Nonetheless, the CoS 2 electrode suffers from an inevitable cycle life termination due to the microshort‐circuit induced by Na metal corrosion and separator degradation. Through a comparative analysis of various TMCs, a predictive framework linking electrode longevity is established to electrode potential and Gibbs free energy. Finally, the cell failure issue is significantly mitigated at a material level (graphene encapsulation) and cell level (polypropylene membrane incorporation) by alleviating the NaPSs shuttling and microshort‐circuit.
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