All-process risk modelling of typical accidents in urban hydrogen refueling stations

With the rapid development of the hydrogen industry, an increasing number of hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) are being built in urban areas with a high density of buildings and population. As a kind of emerging clean fuel, hydrogen is also highly flammable and explosive. So, the risk of multiple accidents in urban HRSs has attracted more and more concern. In this paper, an all-Process Hydrogen Accident Risk Assessment (PHARA) model that combines event tree analysis, fuzzy Bayesian network (FBN), HyRAM, and Probit model is proposed. Based on sensitivity analysis and influence strength analysis of FBN, the critical hazards of hydrogen refueling stations are identified. The risk management priority is determined by comparing the comprehensive risk value of each functional unit of HRSs. Then, the HyRAM-based quantitative consequence analysis is carried out for the high-risk unit, and the flammable zone, fatality zone, and relative safe distances of jet fire and explosion are given in a standardized urban hydrogen refueling station. The proposed PHRAR model can provide technical support for decision-makers to prevent accidents, control risk, and optimize the layout of HRSs.