心理学
扁桃形结构
腹侧纹状体
神经科学
眶额皮质
纹状体
扣带回前部
注意缺陷多动障碍
部分各向异性
背外侧前额叶皮质
前额叶皮质
冲动性
发展心理学
白质
认知
临床心理学
医学
磁共振成像
多巴胺
放射科
作者
Keri S. Rosch,Mitchell A. Batschelett,Deana Crocetti,Stewart H. Mostofsky,Karen E. Seymour
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114525
摘要
Atypical fronto-subcortical neural circuitry has been implicated in the pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including connections between prefrontal cortical regions involved in top-down cognitive control and subcortical limbic structures (striatum and amygdala) involved in bottom-up reward and emotional processing. The integrity of fronto-subcortical connections may also relate to interindividual variability in delay discounting, or a preference for smaller, immediate over larger, delayed rewards, which is associated with ADHD, with recent evidence of ADHD-related sex differences.We applied diffusion tensor imaging to compare the integrity of the white matter connections within fronto-subcortical tracts among 187 8-12 year-old children either with ADHD ((n = 106; 29 girls) or typically developing (TD) controls ((n = 81; 28 girls). Analyses focused on diagnostic group differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) within fronto-subcortical circuitry implicated in delay discounting, connecting subregions of the striatum (dorsal executive and ventral limbic areas) and amygdala with prefrontal regions of interest (dorsolateral [dlPFC], orbitofrontal [OFC] and anterior cingulate cortex [ACC]), and associations with two behavioral assessments of delay discounting.Children with ADHD showed reduced FA in tracts connecting OFC with ventral striatum, regardless of sex, whereas reduced FA in the OFC-amygdala and ventral ACC-amygdala tracts were specific to boys with ADHD. Across diagnostic groups and sex, reduced FA in the dorsal ACC-executive striatum tract correlated with greater game time delay discounting.These results suggest a potential neurobiological substrate of heightened delay discounting in children with ADHD and support the need for additional studies including larger sample sizes of girls with ADHD to further elucidate ADHD-related sex differences in these relationships.
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