Methods to detect and characterize introgression.

Introgression, also known as introgressive hybridization, refers to the process that genetic components from the gene pool of one population transfer to the other via constant backcrossing. Introgression is widespread in nature, which plays important roles in increasing genetic diversity and improving adaptability to the environment, and in turn, influences the evolutionary progress of animals, plants and humans. Being as an important evolutionary event, researchers pay great attention to the detection of introgression, the introgression direction, the introgression timing, the pattern of introgression and so on. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, methods to detect and characterize introgression based on genome-wide data are continuously developed. In this review, we summarize a series of methods for introgression detection, and introduce the design principles and applications of these methods. We also discuss the maintenance and selection of gene segments after introgression. This review provides a relatively comprehensive reference for the studies on introgression.基因渗入也称为渗入性杂交，遗传学上指通过不断回交，遗传成分从一个群体的基因库流向另一个群体基因库的过程。基因渗入在自然界广泛存在，对于增加遗传多样性和提高环境适应性起到了重要的贡献，影响着动植物以及人类的演化进程。基因渗入作为进化中的重要事件而被广泛关注，包括鉴定基因渗入是否发生以及渗入的方向、时间和渗入模式等。随着高通量测序技术的快速发展，使得利用全基因组数据检测和表征基因渗入的方法不断出现。本文系统总结了基因渗入检测的系列方法，介绍了这些方法的设计原理和使用案例，并讨论了渗入后基因片段的维持与选择，以期为基因渗入相关研究提供较为全面的参考。.