The Effects of a Group Exercise Intervention in the Adjunctive Treatment of Depression

Depression is a serious psychophysiological disorder characterized by significant personal and economical burdens. A number of studies, using diverse methodologies, have indicated that exercise interventions may be effective in the treatment of depression. However, previous research has failed to properly control for social interaction, and thus the true antidepressant effect of exercise remains unknown. PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of a 6-wk group exercise intervention on depressive symptoms, quality of life, and feelings of loneliness. METHODS: Individuals (n = 31) between the ages of 25 and 60 years diagnosed with depression, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition, and who were enrolled in a standardized outpatient treatment program participated. Subjects were randomized to either a 6-wk group exercise intervention or a social control group (stress coping intervention). Weekly group exposure was identical for both groups at 2-hr per week. Separate two-way (group × time) repeated measures ANOVA were used to determine between and within group mean differences on symptoms of depression, quality of life, and feelings of loneliness. RESULTS: A significant (p <.05) decrease in depressive symptoms occurred for the exercise group (Pre: 28.82 ± 15.15; Post: 27.18 ± 16.18) and the social control group (Pre: 30.57 ± 11.26; Post: 26.00 ± 10.28) following the intervention. No significant differences in quality of life or feelings of loneliness were demonstrated following the intervention for either group. CONCLUSIONS: Current results suggest that social interaction is a critical factor in the reduction of depressive symptoms. Depressed individuals may respond favorably to exercise administered in a group setting due to the inherent social dynamics.