An overview of some recent advances in DOPO-derivatives: Chemistry and flame retardant applications

Owing to the toxicity and environmental concerns of halogen-containing flame retardants, phosphorus-containing flame retardants have attracted much attention as ecofriendly substitutes. Synthesis of organophosphorus compounds based on 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and its application as flame retardant have created much attention in the flame retardant community. Various chemical reactions and synthetic approaches are followed to develop numerous derivatives of DOPO. This review focuses on the recent advances in DOPO chemistry, classifying its derivatives based on the chemical reactions and functional groups. The reaction mechanisms of each specific reaction for DOPO derivatization are discussed in detail. Additionally some characteristic applications of these DOPO-derivatives with important flammability performance are also reported in this short review.