Platelet‐rich fibrin/aspirin complex promotes alveolar bone regeneration in periodontal defect in rats

Background and Objectives The efficacy and outcomes of aspirin in local defects and the use of platelet‐rich fibrin ( PRF ) in periodontal defects were investigated. Whether the PRF /aspirin complex is a suitable scaffold and delivery system to carry sustained‐release aspirin/salicylic acid to promote periodontal bone regeneration was determined. Material and Methods PRF and PRF /aspirin complex were prepared. The concentrations of aspirin/salicylic acid released from the PRF /aspirin complex were calculated at 37°C. Periodontal ligament mesenchymal cells were cultured on six‐well plates with PRF or PRF /aspirin complex gel to analyze proliferation and migration. The alveolar bone between the inferior buccal mesial root and anterior buccal distal root of the first maxillary molar was removed in 15 rats randomly divided into three groups: no treatment, PRF or PRF /aspirin complex. Twelve weeks post‐transplantation, 2D/3D micro‐computed tomography and histomorphometric technique were used for quantitative analyses. Results The PRF/aspirin complex provided a sustained‐release aspirin/salicylic acid. Peak concentrations occurred 4 hours after transplantation and were sustained to 48 hours at 37°C; the total concentration of released aspirin/salicylic acid was 83.5 mg/mL, respectively. The sustained‐release promoted the proliferation and migration of periodontal ligament mesenchymal cells. Micro‐computed tomography and histological data showed that both the PRF and PRF /aspirin complex enhanced periodontal bone formation ( P <.05). Moreover, the new bone formation was two times greater in the PRF /aspirin complex group than the PRF group. Conclusion Aspirin/salicylic acid could be sustained‐released from PRF/aspirin complex, which could inhibit inflammation and improve the function of mesenchymal cells. The data might provide a new safe and easy clinical therapeutic strategy to promote periodontal bone reparation.