Targeting MCOLN1/TRPML1 channels to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury by restoring the inhibited autophagic flux in cardiomyocytes

Accumulating evidence suggests that macroautophagy/autophagy dysfunction plays a critical role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for malfunctional autophagy in cardiomyocytes subjected to I/R are poorly understood. As a result, there are no effective therapeutic options that target autophagy to prevent myocardial I/R injury. We recently revealed that MCOLN1/TRPML1, a lysosomal cationic channel, directly contributes to the inhibition of autophagic flux in cardiomyocytes post I/R. We found that MCOLN1 is activated secondary to reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation following I/R, which in turn induces the release of lysosomal zinc into the cytosol. This ultimately blocks autophagic flux in cardiomyocytes by disrupting the fusion between autophagosomes containing engulfed mitochondria and lysosomes. Furthermore, we discovered that the MCOLN1-mediated inhibition of autophagy induced by I/R impairs mitochondrial function, which results in further detrimental ROS release that directly contributes to cardiomyocyte death. More importantly, restoration of blocked autophagic flux in cardiomyocytes subjected to I/R achieved by blocking MCOLN1 channels significantly rescues cardiomyocyte death in vitro and greatly improves cardiac function of mice subjected to I/R in vivo. Therefore, targeting MCOLN1 represents a novel therapeutic strategy to protect against myocardial I/R injury.Abbreviations: I/R: ischemia-reperfusion; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MCOLN1/TRPML1: mucolipin TRP cation channel 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1.