Femtosecond vector vortex laser ablation in tungsten: chiral nano-micro texturing and structuring

We demonstrate laser-induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) formation on tungsten with femtosecond vector vortex laser ablation for the first time, and investigate the properties of vector vortex LIPSS by contrasting its properties with Gaussian beam irradiation, and provide some demonstrations of complex microstructuring. The annular intensity profile of vector vortex beams allows LIPSS formation over wider energy range than Gaussian beams. Also, we demonstrate 2 and 3-dimensional chiral texturing and structuring by femtosecond vector vortex laser ablation. Vector vortex beam laser processing, which enables the fabrication of controllable complex structures, will open the door to innovative applications of tungsten.