热化
通气管
物理
玻尔兹曼常数
玻尔兹曼方程
统计物理学
格子Boltzmann方法
经典力学
量子电动力学
量子力学
非线性系统
作者
M. I. García de Soria,P. Maynar,David Guéry-Odelin,Emmanuel Trizac
标识
DOI:10.1103/physrevlett.132.027101
摘要
Boltzmann showed that in spite of momentum and energy redistribution through collisions, a rarefied gas confined in a isotropic harmonic trapping potential does not reach equilibrium; it evolves instead into a breathing mode where density, velocity, and temperature oscillate. This counterintuitive prediction is upheld by cold atoms experiments. Yet, are the breathers eternal solutions of the dynamics even in an idealized and isolated system? We show by a combination of hydrodynamic arguments and molecular dynamics simulations that an original dissipative mechanism is at work, where the minute and often neglected bulk viscosity eventually thermalizes the system, which thus reaches equilibrium.
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