Scale-up synthesis of high-quality solid-state-processed CsCuX (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystal materials toward near-ultraviolet flexible electronic properties

High-quality CsCu₂X₃ and Cs₃Cu₂X₅ (X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (NCs) exhibit excellent optoelectronic, physical, and chemical properties for detection of UV radiation due to large carrier mobility and lifetime, and heavy atoms. The nanocrystal materials can be prepared via a low-cost and simple solid-state synthesis. However, poor reproducibility and complex synthesis methods of obtaining perovskite NC thin films represent a drawback for the fabrication of the commercial photoelectric device. To address these issues, we develop highly stable CsCu₂X₃ and Cs₃Cu₂X₅ NC materials using a facile solid-state reaction method for the scale-up production of halogen lead-free perovskites. We suggest a distinctive way to design a series of nanocrystalline perovskites using short-term synthesis and study the mechanism of perovskite formation using thermal solid-state synthesis. These all-inorganic and lead-free CsCu₂X₃ and Cs₃Cu₂X₅ exhibit large photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) up to 95.2%. Moreover, flexible paper photodetectors based on this series of lead-free perovskites show strong photoselectivity and bending stability at 254 nm, 365 nm, and 405 nm wavelengths. High-quality responses with a responsivity of 1.1 × 10^-3 A W^-1 and detectivity of 2.71 × 10⁹ jones under UV illumination (10 μW cm^-2) at a bias voltage of 5 mV are demonstrated. These results open prospects for designing photodetectors, LEDs, and other photosensitive devices.