Comparison of Static and Dynamic Navigation in Root End Resection Performed by Experienced and Inexperienced Operators: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Introduction

This study aimed to compare the effects of the static navigation (SN), a dynamic navigation system (DNS) and freehand technique (FH) in root-end resection and the differences between these effects according to the level of experience of the operator.

Methodology

The maxillary models reconstructed with the Mimics software were 3D printed and divided according to the experimental techniques (FH/SN/DNS) and operators (experienced/inexperienced). SN was designed using 3-matic Medical software and printed, and a surgical approach plan for DNS was established and performed using DCARER software. The accuracy, efficiency and safety of resection were assayed.

Results

The length, angle, volume and depth deviations of root-end resection were significantly lower in the SN and DNS group compared with the FH group. SN significantly improved the efficiency of both operators, whereas DNS only improved the efficiency of the inexperienced. No difference between the SN and DNS group was found, except for the time required for the surgery. No mishaps occurred during surgery in the SN or DNS group. The number of mishaps with the FH technique when employed by the inexperienced operator was significantly higher than that registered for the rest of the groups. No interaction effect between technique and operator experience level was detected.

Conclusions

Regardless of operator experience, both SN and DNS could improve the accuracy and safety of root-end resection. SN significantly improved chair-side efficiency of both operators, whereas DNS was more helpful for the inexperienced.