IDD10-NAC079 transcription factor complex regulates sheath blight resistance by inhibiting ethylene signaling in rice

Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is a pathogen causing rice sheath blight (ShB). Ammonium transporter 1 (AMT1) promotes resistance of rice to ShB by activating ethylene signaling. However, how AMT1 activates ethylene signaling remains unclear. In this study, the indeterminate domain 10 (IDD10)-NAC079 interaction model was used to investigate whether ethylene signaling is modulated downstream of ammonium signaling and modulates ammonium-mediated ShB resistance. RT-qPCR assay was used to identify the relative expression levels of nitrogen and ethylene related genes. Yeast two-hybrid assays, Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay were conducted to verify the IDD10-NAC079-calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase 31 (CIPK31) transcriptional complex. Yeast one-hybrid assay, Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, and Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were used to verify whether ETR2 was activated by IDD10 and NAC079. Ethylene quantification assay was used to verify ethylene content in IDD10 transgenic plants. Genetic analysis is used to detect the response of IDD10, NAC079 and CIPK31 to ShB infestation. IDD10-NAC079 forms a transcription complex that activates ETR2 to inhibit the ethylene signaling pathway to negatively regulating ShB resistance. CIPK31 interacts and phosphorylates NAC079 to enhance its transcriptional activation activity. In addition, AMT1-mediated ammonium absorption and subsequent N assimilation inhibit the expression of IDD10 and CIPK31 to activate the ethylene signaling pathway, which positively regulates ShB resistance. The study identified the link between ammonium and ethylene signaling and improved the understanding of the rice resistance mechanism.