An Analysis of Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Urban Resilience: A Case Study of Liaoning Province, China

This study selects Liaoning Province, China, as the research area and constructs a theoretical evaluation framework for urban resilience based on the five dimensions: ecological, economic, social, infrastructural, and institutional. It examines the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and identifies obstacle factors of urban resilience in Liaoning Province from 2011 to 2022, utilizing the optimal parameter-based geographical detector (OPGD) model to analyze its primary driving factors and interactions. The results show that from 2011 to 2022, urban resilience exhibited a fluctuating upward trend, rising from 0.182 in 2011 to 0.288 in 2022, while the disparity among prefecture-level cities has diminished. Spatially, the urban resilience in Liaoning Province tends to be higher in the northern region and lower in the southern region. In the east–west direction, it shows higher levels in the eastern region and lower levels in the western region during the early stage of the study period, followed by an inverted “U”-shaped evolutionary trend by the end of the study period. The obstacle degree to urban resilience development in Liaoning Province intensified from 2011 to 2022. Improving urban resilience in Liaoning Province in the future requires a focus on improving and enhancing the economic and institutional resilience subsystems. The year-end deposit balance of financial institutions is the dominant driving factor of urban resilience. This study offers theoretical support and practical guidance for future urban spatial planning and sustainable development.