Lead free perovskite integrated metal organic framework as heterogeneous catalyst for efficient three component click reaction

This study reports the synthesis and characterization of a novel CsCu2I3@UiO-66(Ce)-NH2 hybrid material through the state-of-the-art in-situ growth of the lead-free and non-toxic CsCu2I3 perovskite within the porous UiO-66(Ce)-NH2. The composite exhibits a high surface area with the CsCu2I3 nanostructures uniformly dispersed within the UiO-66(Ce)-NH2 framework. The host-guest CsCu2I3@UiO-66(Ce)-NH2 was considered as an effective and stable catalyst for the one-pot three-component copper(I)-catalyzed intermolecular alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) or click reaction. Under optimized conditions, utilizing water at room temperature, the nominal catalyst exhibited superior activity, outperforming its individual components. Remarkably, the CsCu2I3@UiO-66(Ce)-NH2 catalyst demonstrated good recyclability and reusability over several catalytic runs. Mechanistic studies unveiled a synergistic cooperation between the CsCu2I3 and MOF, leading to the enhanced catalytic performance and improved stability of the perovskite. The developed multifunctional porous solid offers potential applications in catalysis and related fields, paving the way for innovative and sustainable organic synthesis and beyond.