Structurally engineered CNT-confined Mn x Ru 1− x O 2 catalysts for efficient acidic oxygen evolution at low Ru loading

Using structurally engineered Mn x Ru 1− x O 2 catalysts confined on CNTs, we clearly elucidate the electron modulation among CNTs, Mn, and Ru via Mn–O bridges. This enables excellent OER performance, with a mass activity of up to 5549 A g Ru −1 at 250 mV.