Rhinolophus osgoodi Sanborn 1939

43. Osgood’s Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus osgoodi French: Rhinolophe d'Osgood / German: Osgood-Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura de Osgood Taxonomy. Rhinolophus osgoodi Sanborn, 1939, “ Nguluko (25° 5’ N. Lat., 100° 15’ E. Long.), north of Likiang, Yunnan, China. ” Rhinolophus osgoodi was formerly in the pusillus group but is in the macrotis group here based on molecular studies and morphological similarities. Rhinolophus osgoodi is sometimes considered a subspecies of R lepidus, but they are morphologically distinct. Recent genetic studies have shown that a clade composed of a paraphyletic assemblage of A siamensis and R macrotis actually represents three distinct species, R osgoodi (specimens originally identified as “ Rhinolophus spi ”), R episcopus, and R siamensis. Until then, R osgoodi was only known from specimens from the type locality. Monotypic. Distribution. S China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Hunan) and N Vietnam. Descriptive notes. Tail 15-22 mm, ear 10-14 mm, hindfoot 7-9- 5 mm, forearm 40- 45 mm; weight 5-6 g. Dorsal pelage is pale brown (hairs have gray bases); venter is paler and grayer. Ears are medium to large in size. There is no known orange morph. Males lack axillary tufts. Noseleaf has relatively short, almost straight-sided lancet with pointed tip; connecting process is high, but more or less pointed; sella is relatively broad, with parallel sides and widely rounded tip; and horseshoe is wide (c.6- 4 mm), covers entire muzzle, has very shallow median emargination, and lacks lateral leaflets. Skull is moderately robust; zygomatic width is smaller than mastoid width; anterior median swellings and posterior compartments are moderately developed; rostral profile is sloped backward; sagittal crest is weakly developed; and frontal depression is shallow and bordered by sharp, well-defined supraorbital ridges. P2 is of medium size and in tooth row, separating C1 and P4; P3 is small and completely or partially displaced labially; and P 2 and P4 are very close to one another but do not touch. Habitat. Caves surrounded by secondary growth or agricultural fields. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Osgood’s Horseshoe Bats are nocturnal. Call shape is FM /CF/FM, with F component at 85—94 kHz. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Data Deficient on 77 ie IUCN Red List. Osgood’s Horseshoe Bat was previous known only from Yunnan, but recent genetic analysis has shown that the species is much more widespread than previously thought. However, additional research is needed regarding ecology, distribution, and threats of this species. Bibliography. Csorba et al. (2003), LiuTong et al. (2019), Smith & XieYan (2008), Smith, Johnston, Jones & Rossiter (2008 a), Zhang Libiao, Jones et al. (2009).