医学
镇静
图像质量
辐射剂量
放射科
辐射暴露
医学物理学
核医学
麻醉
图像(数学)
人工智能
计算机科学
作者
Ravi V. Gottumukkala,Mannudeep K. Kalra,Azadeh Tabari,Alexi Otrakji,Michael S. Gee
出处
期刊:Radiographics
[Radiological Society of North America]
日期:2019-05-01
卷期号:39 (3): 709-726
被引量:50
标识
DOI:10.1148/rg.2019180082
摘要
CT is an invaluable diagnostic tool for pediatric patients; however, concerns have arisen about the potential risks of ionizing radiation associated with diagnostic imaging in young patients, particularly for pediatric populations that may require serial CT examinations. Recent attention has also been focused on the immediate and long-term risks of administration of anesthetic medications to infants and young children who require sedation to undergo imaging examinations. These concerns can be mitigated with use of advanced CT techniques that can decrease scan time and radiation dose while preserving image quality. In this article, current state-of-the-art CT acquisition techniques are reviewed as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce radiation dose, decrease sedation needs, and optimize image quality in infants and young children. Three imaging strategies are discussed, including (a) dual-energy CT (DECT), (b) imaging with a low tube potential, and (c) rapid scanning. Consolidating multiphase imaging protocols into a single phase with virtual nonenhanced imaging on DECT scanners, as well as use of low tube voltage, can reduce the radiation dose while increasing the conspicuity of contrast material–enhanced structures with a reduced volume of iodinated contrast material and a reduced rate of injection. Rapid scanning techniques with either ultrahigh pitch at dual-source CT or with wide-area detector single-source CT facilitate scanning without the need for sedation in many children. ©RSNA, 2019 See discussion on this article by Szczykutowicz.
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