How to measure and enhance the resilience of energy systems?

Resilience of energy system is the premise of sustainable economic development. However, the measurements and determinants of the resilience of energy systems are not well understood. To this end, our study first estimated the resilience of the energy systems of 50 countries/regions using a measure based on the simple harmonic motion theory and regime-switching vector autoregressive model. A panel regression was conducted to empirically study the determinants of the resilience of energy systems in 2008 and 2014. The results show that the resilience of energy systems is specific to energy-economy systems, and its determinants include energy diversity, infrastructure, research and development (R&D), and governance. Our findings can be insightful in developing policies to enhance the resilience of energy systems and promote sustainable economic development.