Recombinant Walnut-Derived Peptide Ameliorates d-Galactose-Induced Cognitive Deficits

, rWDP suppressed LPS-induced nitric oxide production and attenuated the expression of proinflammatory genes in BV2 microglial cells. Metabolomic analysis suggested a restoration of neurotransmitter homeostasis following rWDP treatment, with increased levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, kynurenine, and glutathione observed. Overall, rWDP may alleviate cognitive deficits through multifaceted pathways involving the gut-brain axis and immune modulation, warranting further mechanistic investigation.