Flexible Aerogels for Thermal Insulation: Fabrication and Application

Aerogels, known for their lightweight, porous structure and exceptional thermal insulation properties, have attracted increasing attention across research and engineering domains. Recent advancements in material composition and structural design have led to the development of flexible aerogels, broadening their applications across diverse fields. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fabrication methods for flexible thermal insulation aerogels, including freeze-drying, phase separation, 3D printing, and fiber formation. Their multifunctional applications in aerospace, construction, and battery industry are also highlighted. Recent progress has demonstrated their applicability as lightweight insulation for spacecraft, energy-efficient building materials, and thermal management layers in advanced batteries, underscoring their versatility in both traditional and emerging technologies. Finally, the challenges and future development for flexible thermal insulation aerogels are discussed, offering valuable insights for advancing this promising material.