Ultrastrong silk fabric ionogel-sensor for strain/ temperature/ tactile multi-mode sensing

Ionogels have demonstrated substantial applications in smart wearable systems, soft robotics, and biomedical engineering due to the exceptional ionic conductivity and optical transparency . However, achieving ionogels with desirable mechanical properties, environmental stability, and multi-mode sensing remains challenging. Here, we propose a simple strategy for the fabrication of multifunctional silk fabric-based ionogels (BSFIGs). The resulting fabric ionogels exhibits superior mechanical properties, with high tensile strength (11.3 ​MPa) and work of fracture (2.53 ​MJ/m 3 ). And its work of fracture still has 1.42 ​MJ/m 3 as the notch increased to 50 ​%, indicating its crack growth insensitivity. These ionogels can be used as sensors for strain, temperature, and tactile multi-mode sensing, demonstrating a gauge factor of 1.19 and a temperature coefficient of resistance of −3.17/°C -1 . Furthermore, these ionogels can be used for the detection of different roughness and as touch screens. The ionogels also exhibit exceptional optical transmittance and environmental stability even at −80 ​°C. Our scalable fabrication process broadens the application potential of these multifunctional ionogels in diverse fields, from smart systems to extreme environments.