类有机物
神经科学
诱导多能干细胞
胚胎干细胞
人脑
组织工程
再生医学
药物发现
干细胞
生物
计算机科学
医学
生物医学工程
生物信息学
细胞生物学
基因
生物化学
作者
Taylor Lokai,Bayne Albin,Khayzaran Qubbaj,Arjun Prasad Tiwari,Adhikari Prabha,In Hong Yang
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114461
摘要
Brain organoids are 3D cytoarchitectures resembling the embryonic human brain. This review focuses on current advancements in biomedical engineering methods to develop organoids such as pluripotent stem cells assemblies, quickly aggregated floating culture, hydrogel suspension, microfluidic systems (both photolithography and 3D printing), and brain organoids-on-a-chip. These methods have the potential to create a large impact on neurological disorder studies by creating a model of the human brain investigating pathogenesis and drug screening for individual patients. 3D brain organoid cultures mimic not only features of patients' unknown drug reactions, but also early human brain development at cellular, structural, and functional levels. The challenge of current brain organoids lies in the formation of distinct cortical neuron layers, gyrification, and the establishment of complex neuronal circuitry, as they are critically specialized, developmental aspects. Furthermore, recent advances such as vascularization and genome engineering are in development to overcome the barrier of neuronal complexity. Future technology of brain organoids is needed to improve tissue cross-communication, body axis simulation, cell patterning signals, and spatial-temporal control of differentiation, as engineering methods discussed in this review are rapidly evolving.
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