Predictors of pacemaker implantation within three months after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation

Abstract Background It is inevitable for patients to have a temporary or permanent pacemaker implanted during or after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) in some cases. The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence of pacemaker implantation (PMI) during or within 3 months of RFCA for AF and to identify the risk factors that were associated with PMI. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive AF patients who underwent RFCA between August 2018 and October 2020 at our center. The incidence of PMI within 3 months during or after RFCA were assessed. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify predictors of PMI. Results One thousand and five patients (mean age, 60.2 ± 10.3 years; 37.6% women) were included in this analysis. PVI was performed in all patients. A total of 23 (2.3%) patients had a pacemaker implanted within 3 months during or after ablation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that older age (OR: 1.08 [95% CI 1.03‐1.13], p = .003), female sex (OR: 3.08 [95% CI 1.28‐7.45], p = .012), paroxysmal AF (OR: 4.71 [95% CI 1.09‐20.45], p = .038) and repeated ablation (OR: 2.78 [95% CI 1.04‐7.40], p = .041) were the independent predictors for PMI. Conclusions Older age, female sex, paroxysmal AF and repeated ablation were identified as predictive risk factors for PMI after RFCA in patients with AF. A "watch and wait" strategy could be taken for patients with temporary PMI after ablation, especially for those with prolonged sinus pause after AF termination.