Tandem-biocatalysis reactors constructed by topological evolution of CaCO3 particles into hollow metal hydroxide spheres

particles to hollow MH-HISs via core-shell and yolk-shell structures, while enabling the encapsulation of enzymes to the shells without loss of catalytic activities. The biocompatible protocol makes multienzymatic cascade reactions achievable, with great recyclability due to mechanical durability of MH-HISs.