Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase by 4-nitrocinnamic Acid: In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations and Docking Simulations

Background: Cinnamic acid and its derivatives have gained significant attention in recent medicinal research due to their broad spectrum of pharmacological properties. However, the effects of these compounds on xanthine oxidase (XO) have not been systematically investigated, and the inhibitory mechanism remains unclear. Objectives: The objective of this study was to screen 18 compounds and identify the XO inhibitor with the strongest inhibitory effect. Furthermore, we aimed to study the inhibitory mechanism of the identified compound. Methods: The effects of the inhibitors on XO were evaluated using kinetic analysis, docking simulations, and