Profiles of Risk for Self-injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Among System-Impacted Girls of Color

Objective Suicide is a leading cause of death among youth in custodial settings. Prior research investigating risk factors for suicide among system-involved youth fail to incorporate an intersectional framework to contextualize suicide risk among system-impacted girls of color. Method We investigated profiles of risk for self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) in a sample of 240 racially and ethnically diverse system-involved girls(M/SD age=14.5/1.7, Hispanic/Latinx=49.6%, Black=37.1%). Participants completed self-report measures evaluating traditional risk factors for suicide (mental health symptoms, trauma exposure) as well as assessments of minority stress (e.g., daily discrimination) and recent engagement in SITBs at baseline and three-month follow-up. Results Latent profile analysis revealed three distinct profiles: "Low-Risk" characterized by relatively low levels of suicide risk indicators (n = 102), "High-Risk Internalizing" distinguished by elevations in internalizing symptom indicators (n = 96), and "High-Risk Comorbid" defined by relatively high levels of suicide risk indicators (n = 42). Girls in the "High-Risk" profiles reported more SITBs at baseline and 3-month follow-up than girls in the Low-Risk profile. Conclusion Results suggest indicators of suicide risk can be used to classify system-involved girls into profiles that differ concurrently and prospectively on SITBs. Findings could be used to inform more accurate risk and referral assessments for system-impacted girls of color, whose SITB-related challenges may be overlooked or framed as criminal. These findings highlight the continued need for assessments evaluating multiple indicators of risk for SITBs in the juvenile legal system. Diversity & Inclusion Statement We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science.