Aptamer-Modified MOFs (Aptamer@MOF) for Efficient Detection of Bacterial Pathogens: A Review

Detecting pathogenic bacteria is crucial for controlling infectious diseases, safeguarding public health, and ensuring food and water safety. The integration of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with aptamers offers a promising approach to enhance bacterial detection. Aptamers provide high specificity for target recognition, while MOFs contribute tunable porous structures and stability, forming robust biosensors. This synergy improves sensitivity, selectivity, and versatility, enabling real-time and quantitative detection. Applications span food safety, environmental monitoring, and point-of-care diagnostics. This review highlights the significance of aptamer@MOF biosensors, discussing various detection techniques and aptamer immobilization methods. It also addresses challenges like enhancing sensitivity, improving selectivity, minimizing interference, ensuring stability, and advancing scalability for real-world applications. Additionally, limitations such as the need for miniaturization, multimode detection, and multiplex analysis are highlighted. Future directions focus on optimizing the design and expanding applications to overcome these limitations. The versatility and potential of aptamer@MOF biosensors underscore their promise as high-performance platforms for bacterial detection in diverse fields.