A hybrid multistage adaptive pixel readout circuit featuring 138.7 dB dynamic range

This paper presents a pixel-level readout circuit with hybrid multistage adaptive integration, targeting ground-surface anomaly detection applications requiring ultrawide dynamic range. The proposed circuit combines a capacitive transimpedance amplifier architecture with an analog-temporal hybrid readout approach. Dynamic range extension is achieved through correlated double sampling, switched integration capacitance, and pulse-counting-based digitization. This design effectively resolves the inherent trade-off in conventional circuits between weak-signal sensitivity (noise floor) and strong-signal saturation. Measurement results demonstrate an analog dynamic range (DR) extension of 124.7 dB and a temporal-domain DR extension of 14 dB, yielding a total DR exceeding 138.7 dB.