Strain Engineering of Cd0.5Zn0.5S Nanocrystal for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Wasted Plastic

The challenge of synthesizing nanocrystal photocatalysts with adjustable lattice strain for effective waste-to-energy conversion is addressed in this study. Cd0.5 Zn0.5 S (CZS) nanocrystals are synthesized by a simple solvothermal method, regulation of the ratio between N, N-dimethylformamide, and water solvent are shown to provoke expansion and contraction, inducing an adjustable lattice strain ranging from -1.2% to 5.6%. With the hydrolyzed wasted plastic as a sacrificial agent, the 5.6% lattice-strain CZS exhibited a robust hydrogen evolution activity of 1.09 mmol m-2 h-1 (13.83 mmol g-1 h-1 ), 4.5 times that of pristine CZS. Characterizations and density functional theory calculation demonstrated that lattice expansion increases the spatial distance between the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum, thus reducing carrier recombination and promoting charge transfer. Additionally, lattice expansion induces surface S vacancies and adsorbed OH groups, further enhancing redox reactions. This study focuses on the synchronous regulation of crystal structure, charge separation/transport, and surface reactions through lattice strain engineering, which providing a reference for the rational design of new photocatalysts for effective waste-to-energy conversion.