Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes

We read with great interest the work of Yuan et al 1 providing robust evidence for an association between a regular use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In a retrospective case–control study, we used the Disease Analyser database (IQVIA), which compiles drug prescriptions, diagnoses and basic medical and demographic data obtained from general practitioners (GPs) in Germany,2 to evaluate an association between long-term PPI therapy and diagnosis of T2D. A total of 26 744 patients aged ≥18 years with an initial diagnosis of T2D (index date) between January 2010 and December 2020 from 752 GP practices were included. Inclusion criteria included at least one body mass index (BMI) value at baseline and an observation time of at least 12 months prior to the index date. As a control population, GP patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria but had no diagnosis of T2D in their entire medical history were matched 1:1 to patients with T2D based on propensity scores delivered from logistic …