11.5% efficient Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cell fabricated from DMF molecular solution

The weak Sn–O coordination bonds in Sn(DMF)₂Cl₄ result in the formation of a kesterite phased (Cu₂ZnSnS₄) precursor film and thus fabrication of a highly efficient Cu₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ absorber from DMF solution.