立体光刻
3D打印
光子上转换
材料科学
光致聚合物
吸收(声学)
数码印刷
光电子学
纳米技术
纳米尺度
激光器
光学
兴奋剂
聚合
复合材料
物理
聚合物
工程制图
工程类
作者
Samuel N. Sanders,Tracy H. Schloemer,Mahesh K. Gangishetty,Daniel G. Anderson,Michael Seitz,Arynn Gallegos,R. Christopher Stokes,Daniel N. Congreve
出处
期刊:Nature
[Springer Nature]
日期:2022-04-20
卷期号:604 (7906): 474-478
被引量:92
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41586-022-04485-8
摘要
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has exploded in interest as new technologies have opened up a multitude of applications1-6, with stereolithography a particularly successful approach4,7-9. However, owing to the linear absorption of light, this technique requires photopolymerization to occur at the surface of the printing volume, imparting fundamental limitations on resin choice and shape gamut. One promising way to circumvent this interfacial paradigm is to move beyond linear processes, with many groups using two-photon absorption to print in a truly volumetric fashion3,7-9. Using two-photon absorption, many groups and companies have been able to create remarkable nanoscale structures4,5, but the laser power required to drive this process has limited print size and speed, preventing widespread application beyond the nanoscale. Here we use triplet fusion upconversion10-13 to print volumetrically with less than 4 milliwatt continuous-wave excitation. Upconversion is introduced to the resin by means of encapsulation with a silica shell and solubilizing ligands. We further introduce an excitonic strategy to systematically control the upconversion threshold to support either monovoxel or parallelized printing schemes, printing at power densities several orders of magnitude lower than the power densities required for two-photon-based 3D printing.
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