Research Progress on the Theory and Technical Implementation of Cassie State Stability on Superhydrophobic Surfaces

 To provide theoretical guidance and technical references for the development and application of high-performance and highly stable superhydrophobic materials， the recent key advancements in the study of Cassie-state stability on superhydrophobic surfaces were systematically reviewed.As a critical characteristic of superhydrophobicity， the stability of the Cassie state directly determines the practical application potential of materials in fields such as self-cleaning， anti-icing and anti-corrosion.However， there were still a lack of comprehensive summaries regarding the stabilization mechanisms and strategic approaches for the Cassie state.Beginning with an interpretation of the theoretical model and metastable nature of the Cassie state from an interfacial science perspective， this article focused on four technical pathways: surface microstructure design， chemical modification， interface engineering and external environment regulation， systematically summarizing innovative strategies to enhance Cassie-state stability.Furthermore， multidimensional characterization techniques for Cassie state stability were comprehensively summarized， covering contact angle measurements， dynamic wetting behavior analysis and methods for characterizing interfacial air layers.Finally， the challenges in developing highly stable Cassie-state superhydrophobic materials were discussed， and future prospects were outlined from multiple perspectives.